beauty and brains
PUCK the budgie was credited by the Guinness book of records as
having a vocabulary of 1728 words. It is only fairly recently that
budgies have been recognized as highly intelligent and excellent
communicators. In fact budgies are now said to be among the top
5 talking parrots of the parrot species.
ALEX the African grey parrot was said to have a vocabulary of over
150 words. He was quite famous for his intelligence and linguistic
skills,. He was exceptional in that he apparently understood what he
was saying. i.e.. he was able to use words creatively in context.
He was said to understand the concepts of quantity (up to six) and
quality ( he could distinguish 7 colours) in objects. Alex was said to
understand the concepts of " bigger:" ,"smaller:,"same: :different" and
zero, There is every indication that he had the ability to reason and use
words creatively
Prudle was captured in Uganda in 1959. For many years, Prudle held the
Guinness world record as the parrot with the biggest vocabulary . He was
documented as having a vocabulary of 800 words
African greys also imitate phones, microwaves ovens, answering machines,
chain saws, other birds and household appliances.
N'kisi is said to be capable of actual conversations. He apparently
uses language as a means of self expression. He has a
vocabulary of over 700 words. He can speak in grammatical
sentences apparently and can use language creatively in context.
He apparently understands what he is saying and uses language
appropriately.
puck
Apparently Puck the budgie was able to create sentences.. He was
also apparently capable of using language creatively in context to
communicate and understand the meaning of those words in
situations.
alex
N'kisi
In an old Persian text dating back to the 13th century the method that was
advocated for teaching parrots how to talk had to do with mirrors and pure
illusion. It was clear that the author did not believe that parrots could ever
understand what they were saying. The method consisted in putting a mirror
between the trainer and the parrot and having the trainer utter the words he
wanted the parrot to mimic. He believed that the parrot upon seeing his reflection
in the mirror would believe that he is looking at another parrot , a speaking
parrot, and thus would imitate all that the trainer is saying behind the mirror.
Einstein
Einstein, a talking Congo African Grey was hatched in California in 1987. He was donated to the
zoo at the age of 5.. No one knows if Einstein ia a male or female. Einstein is referred to as a
female although this parrot has never been sexed. Since being at the zoo,Einstein has taken to
mimicking the sounds of chimpanzees, pigs, wolves, cats, roosters, dogs,penguins, tigers and so
many others.
African Grey Parrots however are known to be the best talking parrots , Parrots in
general have the ability to mimic sounds they hear,whether it is the human voice,
dogs barking, microwave ovens, doorbells, etc... They have the ability to mimic up to
2,000 different sounds. They also seem to be able to understand the use of many
words they learn and often use them appropriately
Abelardo Montoya,
cousin of big bird



Why do parrots talk?
Parrots talk because they can. It is physically possible for them to produce sounds that imitate human speech. Unlike the other birds, parrots have one
syrinx which is similar to our larynx and this is largely what allows them to produce sounds. The syrinx is a voice box situated between the trachea and
lungs of parrots and this along with their tongues is what allows parrots to modulate the sounds they produce. (see
http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/node/3946)
Why do parrots talk so much?
Like humans parrots have forebrain areas involved in the learning and control of vocals and this is not something that is found in other birds, It is also the
main reason why parrots can be so versatile in their vocalizations. The sounds and calls produced by other birds are innate, i.e., baby birds raised in
isolation from others of their species will produce the sounds and calls typical of their species even id they have never heard these songs or calls.
beforehand. Similarly a cat will meow regardless of whether he has ever heard a meow . A cat however will never meow in a new way. A cat does not have
the ability to show great versatility in meowing. Just as most birds' calls and songs are innate, they cannot sing or call in new ways or produce sounds that
are atypical of their species..
Undoubtedly, parrots do have calls typical of their species, however they also have the ability to produce an extraordinary range of new sounds/ Parrots can
mimic the human voice, phones, doorbells, chainsaws, alarms, their mate, "accents" of other parrot flock, the call of their mates other bird species
etc...Parrots can learn new sounds and can produce them very faithfully. One can assume that they do so for many reasons. It can be to attract a mate,
ward off predators, establish a rapport with another flock, or purely out of "mischief".
Do parrots really "talk"
Parrots can imitate cats,i.e, parrots can imitate a cat's meow. However strictly speaking parrots do not meow. Cat owners know that their cats' meows all
sound pretty much the same but in context the meows all have different meanings. A cat's meow can mean that he's hungry, or that he wants to go outside,
or maybe even nothing at all depending. A parrot owner know that their parrots' "meows" very probably do not mean anything. A parrot imitating a cat's meow
is not meowing. Meowing has no use for a parrot even though it can be very amusing for us ti hear.
Parrots can imitate human speech but does that mean that they can speak?
It is sometimes said that animals do not talk because they lack the mental capacity. And this means: "they do not think, and that is why they do not
talk." But---they simply do not talk. Or to put it better: they do not use language---if we except the most primitive forms of language.--- Commanding,
questioning, recounting, chatting, are as much a part of our natural history as walking, eating, drinking, playing.( Wittgenstein , PI 25)
The development of intelligence in animals is not related to speech. If we teach "language" to animals to educate them in things that they already know
what have we accomplished.? A parrot would necessarily have a concept of quantity even if it cannot articulate it. A parrot knows the difference between
one seed and many seeds. Similarly, a parrots would have a concept of quality in objects and their marked preference for hard seeds makes that clear. A
parrot has a concept of time , and cause and effect etc... Their very survival depends on it. The development of intelligence in parrots is not related to
language. A parrot that does not or will not speak is as intelligent as a parrot that does "speak."
In the wild, parrots have a wide range of calls and sounds but they do not "speak".,i.e., they do not imitate human speech. A captive parrot that imitates
human speech is not "speaking".. Parrots do not speak, or meow, or bark. None of these vocalizations have any uses for the parrot.
We can certainly teach basic vocabularies to our pet parrot and even get them to associate words with meanings .We can certainly get parrots to "use
language" in a limited context and they will willingly do so quite often. For parrot this may well be a new dialect they pick up to bond with their human "flocks".
But parrots do bot use language. Language has little use for a parrot even though it is very amusing for us to hear them. Parrots will never use language to
explain, to describe, to chat, to tell a story etc....it is not part of their "culture". Captive parrots do use words in their domestic setting to communicate some
things but often their vocalizations really do not mean anything.

